It is possible to find out using mathematical methods whether a given integer is a prime number or not.
No, 523 559 is not a prime number.
For example, 523 559 can be divided by 31: 523 559 / 31 = 16 889.
For 523 559 to be a prime number, it would have been required that 523 559 has only two divisors, i.e., itself and 1.
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523 559 is an odd number, because it is not evenly divisible by 2.
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A number is a perfect square (or a square number) if its square root is an integer; that is to say, it is the product of an integer with itself. Here, the square root of 523 559 is about 723.574.
Thus, the square root of 523 559 is not an integer, and therefore 523 559 is not a square number.
The square of a number (here 523 559) is the result of the product of this number (523 559) by itself (i.e., 523 559 × 523 559); the square of 523 559 is sometimes called "raising 523 559 to the power 2", or "523 559 squared".
The square of 523 559 is 274 114 026 481 because 523 559 × 523 559 = 523 5592 = 274 114 026 481.
As a consequence, 523 559 is the square root of 274 114 026 481.
The multiples of 523 559 are all integers evenly divisible by 523 559, that is all numbers such that the remainder of the division by 523 559 is zero. There are infinitely many multiples of 523 559. The smallest multiples of 523 559 are: